Carbon Bonding
All compounds can be classified in two broad categories:
- organic compounds and
- inorganic compounds.
Organic compounds are made primarily of carbon atoms. Most matter in living organisms that is not water is made of organic compounds.
Inorganic compounds, with a few exceptions, do not contain carbon atoms.
A carbon atom has four electrons in its outermost energy level.A carbon atom therefore readily forms four covalent bonds with the atoms of other elements.
A bond formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons is called a single bond.
Functional Groups
In most organic compounds, clusters of atoms, called functional groups, influence the characteristics of the molecules they compose and the chemical reactions the molecules undergo.
Large Carbon Molecules
Many carbon compounds are built up from smaller, simpler molecules known as monomers. Monomers can bond to one another to form polymers
Large polymers are called macromolecules. There are many types of macromolecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction called a condensation reaction. Each time a monomer is added to a polymer, a water molecule is released.
The breakdown of some complex molecules, such as polymers, occurs through a process known as hydrolysis. In a hydrolysis reaction, water is used to break down a polymer.
Review Questions
Ara
Olcu veya Yoldaki Isiklar
Bir insanın insanlığı, öğrenip öğretmek ve başkalarını aydınlatmakla belli olur ve ortaya çıkar. Bilmediği halde öğrenmeyi düşünmeyen; öğrendikleriyle kendini yenileyip başkalarına da örnek olmayan, sûretâ insan görünse de, sîreti açısından düşündürücüdür!
—
Login
Kimler Online
Kategoriler
- bitkiler
- Biyoloji ve Biyoloji eğitimi
- E-Kitap
- Görsel Eğitim
- Haberler ve Aktiviteler
- Hayvanlar Alemi
- insan vücudu
- iphone
- Kategorilenmemiş
- Linux – Ubuntu
- Oyunlar
- Sağlık
- Teknoloji ve Bilgisayar
Biyolog.Biz Forum
| Pts | Sal | Çar | Per | Cum | Cts | Paz |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| « Oca | ||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
| 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 |
| 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
| 27 | 28 | 29 | ||||
Downloads
- SAT II Success Biology E/M (5,2 MiB, 134 hits)
You need to be a registered user to download this file. - MediaPhys mds file (486 bytes, 84 hits)
You need to be a registered user to download this file. - Entomology (37,5 MiB, 103 hits)
You need to be a registered user to download this file. - ADAM Interactive Physiology 9 (534,3 MiB, 246 hits)
You need to be a registered user to download this file. - Genetics, Pierce 1st Edition (16,8 MiB, 143 hits)
You need to be a registered user to download this file. - Roche Genetics Education (260,8 MiB, 94 hits)
You need to be a registered user to download this file. - Biology, Solomon,Berg (87,7 MiB, 219 hits)
You need to be a registered user to download this file. - Biology, Raven and Johnson (54,0 MiB, 208 hits)
You need to be a registered user to download this file. - MediaPhys 3.0 (579,4 MiB, 130 hits)
You need to be a registered user to download this file. - Fundamentals of Physics 7th edition (44,8 MiB, 168 hits)
You need to be a registered user to download this file.
Dergiler
Egitim
- Cambridge International Examinations
- Fizik Portalı
- Sciencepages.co.uk – science revision and resources
- The Standards Site